While every dog is able to emotionally connect with their owner, an emotional support dog must legally be prescribed to a person with a mental illness by a licensed mental health professional. Therapists, psychiatrists, and psychologists must determine if the presence of the support dog would help the mental health of their patients. Having an emotional support dog may give someone new purpose and help ease their anxiety for example.
Service Dogs vs Emotional Support Dogs
While an emotional support animal (ESA) is able to offer support through companionship and they can reduce depression, anxiety, and some phobias, they are not considered to be service dogs and are not protected by the same rights as service dogs. Service dogs like guide dogs are generally allowed anywhere in public, but an ESA isn’t. This means that they wouldn’t be legally allowed into a mall or restaurant.
The Americans with Disabilities Act – also known as the ADA - defines service animals as a dog trained to work with disabled people and perform tasks for them. The act outlines that animals who provide emotional comfort only are not qualified as service animals under the Act. Some local and state laws will have broader definitions, so make sure to check if your local government agency allows ESAs complete public access.
The main difference between a service dog and an emotional support animal is if the animal is trained to perform a job or task directly related to the disability of their owner; such as guiding the visually impaired and letting the hearing-impaired know if an alarm is going off like a fire alarm. These are the jobs of service dogs. While being able to cuddle on cue is a comfort, it isn’t something that qualifies a dog as a service dog. It needs to be something that the dog has been trained to do, rather than something they would have done on instinct.
An Emotional Support Dog is Not a Psychiatric Service Dog
There are a kind of service dog known as a psychiatric service dog. These animals do work with people that have disabilities related to – or caused by – mental illnesses. They are able to detect when a psychiatric episode is starting and are able to help deal with the side effects. While it sounds like something an ESA does, the difference remains the same; a psychiatric service dog performs tasks that an emotional support animal doesn’t.
A psychiatric service dog – which is also covered by the ADA – has been trained to perform tasks that make it easier for one to live with mental illnesses. They may help remind their owners that they need to take their medication, and they can help keep disoriented people in dissociative episodes from walking into traffic. They may also check a room for people with PTSD to reassure them nothing is wrong. If the presence of the dog is all it takes for someone to cope, then the dog isn’t a psychiatric service dog.
The Legal Rights of An Emotional Support Animal
While an ESA doesn’t have the same legal protection as a service dog, they do have rights when it comes to air travel and housing. The Fair Housing Act defines an ESA as an assistance animal. The act protects disabled people from being discriminated against when finding housing. This means that people who have an emotional support animal to them are not subject to rules against pets, certain species, and limitations on pet sizes. They can also not be charged a pet deposit for having their emotional support animal stay with them.
An Emotional Support Animal provides crucial support to people living with disabilities.